Has American Education Declined in Quality Since the 1960s?

The American education system has faced significant scrutiny in recent decades, with concerns often circling around its decline in quality. While it is true that there have been notable changes in education policies and practices since the 1960s, the question remains: Has American education truly declined, or are we simply measuring success differently?

The Push for Graduation Rates

One key factor contributing to the perception of decline is the focus on graduation rates in both K-12 and college education. In the past, there was a greater emphasis on ensuring that male students did not fail due to the draft. This era was marked by a push to include more students in the educational system to prepare them for roles in society. However, in the present, there seems to be a shift towards achieving higher graduation rates as a metric for success.

A significant example of this change can be seen in the state of Ohio, where college funding is allocated based on graduation rates. Previously, open enrollment universities had a graduation rate of around 35% over six years. Today, this figure has risen to between 45% and 65%, with some universities, such as Kent State University, aiming for an 85% graduation rate. The question remains: Will increasing graduation rates lead to higher educational quality?

Slippage in the Last 15 Years

Another concerning factor is the observed decline in educational quality over the past 15 years or so. Critics argue that this downturn is partly due to excessive time spent preparing for and administering standardized tests. While standardized testing was present during the author's school days, these tests were not considered “high-stakes.” The problem today is that these tests often dominate the educational landscape, taking up significant time that could otherwise be spent on more meaningful academic pursuits.

Apart from excessive testing, the rise of administrators with advanced degrees in educational leadership (MAs and EdDs) has also been cited as a factor. These administrators are often well-prepared to placate politicians and parents, ensuring that student graduation rates remain high. However, this approach occasionally comes at the expense of genuine educational outcomes. The authors of such changes often prioritize maintaining political and parental satisfaction over ensuring that students actually receive a quality education.

Addressing the Concerns

It is crucial to address these concerns and find a balance between graduation rates and educational quality. While achieving higher graduation rates is important, it should not come at the cost of academic rigor and student learning. Educational policymakers must strive to create metrics that truly reflect the quality of education, rather than solely focusing on superficial indicators like graduation percentages.

In conclusion, while there have been noticeable changes in the American education system since the 1960s, these shifts do not necessarily equate to a decline in quality. Instead, they highlight the need for a more holistic and balanced approach to education. By addressing the root causes of perceived decline and focusing on meaningful educational outcomes, the American education system can continue to thrive and prepare students for success in an ever-changing world.